A computer is a standard operating device which is basically used for technological research and inventions. The full form of ‘Computer’ is referred to the electronic device or machine that can be programmed according to given instruction to perform sequence of the arithmetic or logical operations automatically.
FULL FORM OF COMPUTER
The word computer is derived from the Latin word “Computerae” . It means “to compute” which means “to calculate”. Moreover, the full form of computer is widely used for educational purpose. A computer is a standard operating device which is basically used for technological research and inventions. The full form of ‘Computer’ is referred to the electronic device or machine that can be programmed according to given instruction to perform sequence of the arithmetic or logical operations automatically. It is used to describe and understand the functions of the computer. The full form of computer is given below:
C-common
O-operating
M-machine
P-purposely
U-used for
T-technology
E-educational
R-research
“Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research”
With the help of full form of computer and its definition, you can also understand the uses of the computer .
The first computer was discovered by Charles Babbage in 1882. Moreover, he was called the father of the computers because he introduce people to the world of computer and technology. The computers were created in the middle of the 20 century and in the beginning ,computers were used for research in science and military but with the passage of time the use of computer was increase . Then these devices were given the title of “COMPUTER”for their function of calculation and to handle massive volume of data and information. Also the full form of computer is not widely used because the word computer itself convey the full meaning about itself.
The most of the people do not know that ‘COMPUTER’ word is actually abbreviation and this full form of computer is most widely used out of all full forms of computer. Now a days ,we know that smart machines are used for complex tasks rather than simple calculating machines.
DEFINITION OF COMPUTER
The full form of computer does not describe the full functionalities of the computer .The definition which describes the features, functionalities and properties of the computer is given below:
“Computer is an electronic device which can be programmed according to given instruction. It takes data as an input and process on it according to user instruction and gives information to the user as an output. Infact, it can also be connected to other devices and stores information for future use.”
The computer is the great achievement for humans and it have converted our life from difficulties to simpler.Today computer become the essential component of our life and with the advancement of it we also get more progress in the world of technology.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
To understand the meaning of the computer, first we have to discuss about the history. The features and functionalities of the computer at that present and then we discuss about about the advancement in the computer and aslo its achievements.
Charles Babbage is called as “The father of the computer world” because he is the first person who invented the first computer and introduces us the world of the technology. In 1822, the Charles Babbage developed the first mechanical machine and then with advancement in it in 1833 he introduces the Analytical device that were named “Computerae “ which means “to calculate”. Moreover, at that time it was the first achievement for the humans in the field of the technology but it has also some advantages and some disadvantages.ADVANTAGES
The advantages of the computing device are given below:
- The computing device is only able to solve the simple problems.
- It also involve simple arithmetic functions.
DISADVANTAGES
- The speed of the computing device is very slow. To perform a simple task it take long time in solving it.
- The size of the first computing device is also large enough that it was place in the large room.
- The computing device was not able to solve complex arithmetic functions . As it simply solve the simple logic operations.
- It also generates a lot of heat and moreover due to production of heat the functioning of the device is decreased.
- Moreover, the first computing device consumes a lot of electricity.
- The excess of it is only to those people who afford it because the price of it was very high. Because,there was no excess to poor people.
we discuss above that the benefits of the computer was less than its benefits so also with the passage of the time there is advancement in the computer that makes it more beneficial.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
With the passage of time there was change in the computer structure and also in its working. Moreover, there are generations of computer is given here which help us to discuss about the advancement and functionalities of computer of each generation .
There are five generations of computer with the evolution of time.
COMPUTER GENERATION TIME PERIOD
- First Generation 1940s-1950s
- Second Generation 1950s-1960s
- Third Generation 1960s-1970s
- Fourth Generation 1970s-Present
- Fifth Generation Present-Future
CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRST GENERATION(1940s-1950s)
- Vacuum-tube – electronic component
- Magnetic drums and tapes – memory
- Machine language _ programming language
- Very slow speed
- Very large in size and covers the entire room
- Punched cards and paper tapes are input and output devices
- Example:IBM 650,IBM 701 etc.
- As there were 100 different vacuum based computer developed
between 1942-1963.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SECOND GENERATION(1950-1960)
SECOND GENERATION (1950-1960)
- Transistor – main electronic device
- Magnetic chip – memory
- Assembly language – programming language
- Low power consumption and also improvement in the speed of performance as compared to first generation.
- Reduce in size (compared to first generation)
- Example: IBM 7090,IBM 7094 etc.
About 1000 of different transistor based computers were produced between 1950 – 1960.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THIRD GENERATION(1960-1970)
- Integrated circuit (ICs) – main electronic component
- Magnetic core – memory
- High level language – Pascal,COBOL,C etc
- Monitor, Keyboard,Magnetic tape were input and output devices
- They are called minicomputers because they are Cheaper, small in size and more efficient
- Example: IBM 360,IBM 370 etc. FOURTH GENERATION (1970-PRESENT)
CHARACTERISTICS OF FOURTH GENERATION(1970s-Present)
- Microprocessor – main electronic component
- Thousands of transistors are integrated in the single chip is known as VLSI
- ROM,RAM – memory units
- Python,C,Javascript – programming languages
- Combination of first three generations
- Small in size ,also more efficient, more accuracy , fast in processing
- Input /output devices are Monitor,Keyboard,CPU,Scanner,Mouse
Example: IBM PC,STAR 1000 etc.